聚氯乙烯（PVC），是（shì）氯乙烯單體（VCM）在過氧化物、偶氮化合物等引發劑或在光、熱作用下按自由基聚合反（fǎn）應機理聚合而成的聚合物。氯乙烯均聚物（wù）和氯乙烯共（gòng）聚物統稱之為氯乙烯（xī）樹脂。

根據應用範圍的（de）不同，PVC可分（fèn）為（wéi）：通用型PVC樹脂、高聚合度PVC樹脂（zhī）、交聯PVC樹脂。通用（yòng）型（xíng）PVC樹脂是由氯乙烯單體在引（yǐn）發劑的作用下聚合形成（chéng）的；高聚（jù）合度PVC樹脂是（shì）指在氯乙烯單體聚（jù）合體（tǐ）係中加入鏈增長劑聚合而成的（de）樹脂；交聯PVC樹（shù）脂是在氯乙烯（xī）單體聚合（hé）體係中加入含有雙烯和多烯的交聯劑聚合而成的樹脂。

根據氯乙烯單體的獲得（dé）方法來區分，可分（fèn）為電石法、乙（yǐ）烯法和進口（EDC、VCM)單體法（習慣上把乙烯法和進口單（dān）體法（fǎ）統（tǒng）稱為（wéi）乙烯法（fǎ））。

根據聚合方（fāng）法，聚氯乙烯可分為四（sì）大類：懸浮法聚氯乙烯、乳液法聚氯乙烯、本體法聚氯乙烯、溶（róng）液法聚氯乙（yǐ）烯。懸浮法聚氯乙烯是產量（liàng）最（zuì）大的（de）一個品種，約占PVC總產（chǎn）量的80%左（zuǒ）右。懸浮法聚氯乙烯按絕對黏度分（fèn）六個型號：XS-1、XS-2……XS-6；XJ-1、XJ-2……、XJ-6。型號中各字母的意思（sī）：X-懸浮法（fǎ）；S-疏鬆型；J-緊密型。

根據增塑劑含量的多少，常將PVC塑烯塑料分為（wéi）：無增（zēng）塑PVC，增塑劑含量（liàng）為0；硬質PVC，增塑劑含量小於10%；半硬（yìng）質PVC，增塑劑含（hán）量為（wéi）10-30%；軟質PVC，增塑劑含量為30-70%；聚氯乙烯糊（hú）塑料，增塑劑含量為80%以上（shàng）。

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer polymerized by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in peroxides, azo compounds and other initiators or under the action of light and heat according to the mechanism of free radical polymerization.Vinyl chloride homopolymers and vinyl chloride copolymers are collectively referred to as vinyl chloride resins.

According to the different application range, PVC can be divided into: general-purpose PVC resin, high polymerization degree PVC resin, cross-linked PVC resin.General-purpose PVC resin is formed by polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer under the action of initiator;High polymerization degree PVC resin refers to the resin polymerized by adding chain extender to the vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system;Crosslinked PVC resin is a resin polymerized by adding a crosslinker containing diene and polyene to a vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system.

According to the method of obtaining vinyl chloride monomer, it can be divided into calcium carbide method, ethylene method and imported (EDC, VCM) monomer method (it is customary to refer to ethylene method and imported monomer method as ethylene method).

According to the polymerization method, polyvinyl chloride can be divided into four categories: suspension polyvinyl chloride, emulsion polyvinyl chloride, bulk polyvinyl chloride, solution polyvinyl chloride. Suspended polyvinyl chloride is the largest variety, accounting for about 80% of the total PVC production. Suspended polyvinyl chloride is divided into six models according to absolute viscosity: XS-1, XS-2... XS-6； XJ-1、XJ-2......、XJ-6。 The meaning of each letter in the model number: X-suspension method; S-loose type; J-compact type.

According to the amount of plasticizer content, PVC plasticene plastics are often divided into: non-plasticized PVC, plasticizer content is 0; Rigid PVC, plasticizer content less than 10%; Semi-rigid PVC with plasticizer content of 10-30%; Flexible PVC with a plasticizer content of 30-70%; Polyvinyl chloride paste plastic, plasticizer content is more than 80%.

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